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Where power quality is poor, the UPS may frequently transfer to on-battery operation. Battery longevity and service life of the UPS may be conserved by reducing the sensitivity of the UPS, as long as your equipment can operate normally under the conditions detailed below. Use a pointed object such as a pen to do so. The default setting is "high"; press the button once to set the sensitivity to "medium", and press it again to set it to "low"; pressing it a third time will set it back to "high".

The sensitivity setting change will take effect immediately. The green LED next to the button is a sensitivity setting indicator - brightly lit is "high" sensitivity, dimly lit is "medium", and off is "low" sensitivity. The battery charge graph LEDs on the front panel of a Smart-UPS will flash in unison when the UPS is operating online and the runtime remaining calculated by the Smart-UPS microprocessor is less than two minutes more than the low battery signal warning time minimum of two minutes.

This would usually indicate that you need to either decrease the load or install new batteries. If the batteries are new, then you need to perform a runtime calibration see below. At a pinch, you could also decrease the low battery warning time.

There are four possible settings: 2, 5, 7, or 10 minutes. An APC battery cartridge comprises two batteries physically stuck together with double-sided tape and wired in series. After the decision to replace the batteries, you will face another decision almost immediately: whether to purchase genuine APC replacement batteries or not.

There are pros and cons to purchasing genuine replacement APC batteries. If you do decide to use third party replacement batteries, please do not choose the cheapest available generic SLA batteries.

These batteries will, almost without exception, not last as long as brand name batteries and will need replacing within months instead of years. Even when using brand name replacement batteries, make sure that you choose the UPS version aka "standby" which may cost slightly more, but which will last significantly longer in typical UPS usage long periods of standby punctuated with infrequent deep discharges.

Yuasa aka Genesis is also a recommended brand, albeit a bit on the pricey side. Note: When substituting a third party battery with a higher capacity than the original, make sure that it still physically fits in the UPS casing. If the battery does not fit, do not be tempted to install it "externally". Although you can do a hot swap of your batteries while the computer and any other connected equipment is running, it may not be very satisfactory because the UPS will not always detect that the batteries have been swapped and apcupsd will continue to report "Low Battery".

If after a self-test, the UPS does not detect that the battery has been replaced, you can use apctest to do a soft battery runtime calibration. For details of doing this, refer to the "Soft" Runtime Calibration section below.

If after the soft battery runtime recalibration, the UPS does not detect that the battery has been replaced, you will need to do a manual battery runtime calibration. For details of doing this, refer to the "Manual" Runtime Calibration section below. A runtime calibration causes the UPS to recalculate its available runtime capacity based on its current load.

Caution: a runtime calibration will deeply discharge the UPS batteries, which can leave a UPS temporarily unable to support its equipment if a utility power failure occurs. Frequent calibrations reduce the life of batteries. APC recommends performing a runtime calibration only annually, semiannually, or whenever the load on the UPS is increased.

Once this has been done, you can then initiate a runtime calibration through apctest. Also, it is advisable not to increase or reduce the load when the UPS is calibrating its run time.

Under no circumstances should the UPS be turned off during a run time calibration procedure! Once initiated, the calibration must be allowed to run until completion. The run time calibration procedure is not necessary nor advisable for a new UPS. Only old UPSes with batteries that are not subject to discharge for long periods of time should be allowed to perform a run time calibration. When doing a runtime calibration with "older" batteries, APC Technical Support recommend doing a complete discharge and recharge first.

Most of the information in this section is taken from APC's website. Any non-APC additions have been inserted in square brackets. Perform a Runtime Calibration. This is a manual procedure and should not be confused with the runtime calibration performed through PowerChute plus [or apctest]. Sometimes it is necessary to reset this microprocessor, especially after the installation of new batteries. Stop the PowerChute plus [or apcupsd] software from running and disconnect the serial cable.

Therefore, attach a non-critical load to the UPS and then force the UPS on battery by disconnecting it from utility power [suggest not disconnecting, but simply turning off utility power thereby preserving earthing]. Allow the unit to run on battery until it turns off completely. Plug the UPS back into the wall outlet [switch utility power back on] and allow it to recharge it will recharge more quickly turned off and with no load present.

Once the unit has recharged, the "runtime remaining" calculation should be more accurate. Remember that if the unit is an older model, then the runtime will not improve significantly. On the right side of the front display panel there is a vertical graph of five LEDs. To ensure that an operating system receives a graceful shutdown when using PowerChute plus or a SmartSlot accessory, an alert is generated by the Smart-UPS indicating that the UPS has reached a low battery condition.

The alert is audible rapid beeping , visual flashing battery LED or LEDs , and readable through the graphical interface of PowerChute plus software or a native UPS shutdown program within a particular operating system. In order to calculate this "low battery condition," all Smart-UPS products have a preconfigured low battery signal warning time of two minutes this is the factory default setting.

There are a total of four user-changeable settings: 2, 5, 7, or 10 minutes. If the low battery signal warning time is set for 2 minutes, then the alerts will activate simultaneously two minutes prior to shutdown. Similarly, if the total runtime for a particular UPS is 30 minutes with a low battery signal warning time set at 10 minutes, then the UPS will run on battery for 20 minutes before the low battery alert begins. Total runtime is primarily based on two factors, battery capacity and UPS load.

UPS load and runtime on battery are inversely proportional: as load increases, battery runtime decreases and vice versa. When utility power is lost, the UPS begins discharging the battery in order to support the attached load. Once power returns, the Smart-UPS will automatically begin to recharge its battery.

It is unnecessary to subject a battery bank to an excessively long calibration. Remove battery packs or increase the load space heaters are good dummy loads to obtain a reasonable time length for the calibration under an hour if possible. After this run time has been completed, the original Estimated Run Time is compared with the actual run time. It will then increase or decrease this value to correspond to the new run time achieved.

If, at any time during the discharge, one of the following rules is violated the calibration will be aborted or corrupted:. In some cases none of the battery runtime calibration methods result in the UPS reporting a reasonably correct battery runtime.

It has been speculated that this is because the battery constant value has drifted so far from normal that the microprocessor in the UPS cannot correct it. The good news is that if you are located in the USA, all you have to do is contact APC Technical Support and they will send you a serial port dongle which plugs into the serial port of your UPS and reprograms the battery constant value for you to the correct value.

The bad news is that for many users outside the USA, this service does not appear to be available. It is, however, recommended that you first try contacting APC Technical Support to verify the correct battery constant value. Caveat Utilitor! The battery constant is the hex number in the column labelled "0", presumably for register 0, in the following table:. It was nothing more nor less than a form of customer control. Scrambling the leads on its serial cables was a cheap way to accomplish this -- in fact, they tended to be wired so that if you tried a straight-through cable, opening a serial link to the UPS would be interpreted as a shutdown command!

Hardware companies often think like this -- they lock up interfaces by instinct, cornering a small market rather than growing a bigger one. It's fundamentally stupid and self-defeating, but it's the kind of stupid that tends to sound good at an executive meeting. You will need to know the corresponding APC model number. See the installation and configurations sections of this document for more details.

On slower systems, the percentage will increase proportionally to the decrease in the CPU speed. This is higher than for Unix systems. To test apcupsd, I unplugged the UPS to simulate a power outage. After the machine went into the shutdown process I plugged the UPS back into the commercial power source.

This caused the shutdown process to hang after the daemon tried to shut-off the ups. Have you run into this problem, and if so do you have a remedy?

Normally, once the shutdown process has begun, we cannot stop it -- how do you stop a shutdown that has killed off half of the daemons running on your system? Most likely you will be left with an unusable system. In addition, when apcupsd is re-executed in the halt script after the disks are synced, it tries to shut off the UPS power, but the UPS will generally refuse to do so if the AC power is on. We use standard Unix serial port read and write calls so once a connection is made, we generally have few problems.

If you have such a card, we suggest that you remove it and see if the problem goes away. It is also possible that some other process such as a getty is reading the serial port. The two most likely causes of your problem are: 1.

You have the wrong serial port device name in the apcupsd. The device name is not defined on your system. Suggestions for proceeding:For the first item, check what your serial port device should be named. You might be able to find the name with an:. Normally there will be hundreds or even thousands of names that print. If that doesn't produce anything useful, you can try step 2. Perhaps your device is not defined.

Looking at the documentation may tell you what the correct name is, or at least allow you to create the device. Slaves make their shutdown decision independently from the master.

Alternatively, you can add your own script file that will be called before doing the commands in apccontrol. Your script file must have the same name as the appropriate case statement in apccontrol; it must be executable; and it must be in the same directory as apccontrol.

The apccontrol file is a shell script that acts on the first argument that apcupsd passes to it. These actions are set up by default to sane behavior for all situations apcupsd is likely to detect from the UPS. However, you can change the apccontrol behavior for every single action.

To customize, so create a file with the same name as the action, which is passed as a command line argument. Consequently, you should not invoke it directly. However, it is important to understand how it functions, and in some cases, you may want to change the messages that it prints using wall. We recommend that you do so by writing your own script to be invoked by apccontrol rather than by modifying apccontrol directly.

This makes it easier for you to upgrade to the next version of apcupsd. In other case, you may want to write your own shell scripts that will be invoked by apccontrol. For example, when a power fail occurs, you may want to send an email message to root.

When the powerout action is invoked by apcupsd, apccontrol will first give control to your script. If you want apccontrol to continue with the default action, simply exit your script with an exit status of zero. If you do not want apccontrol to continue with the default action, your script should exit with the special exit code of However, in this case, please be aware that you must ensure proper shutdown of your machine if necessary. When apcupsd detects that the mains are on, but the battery is not functioning correctly, this event is generated.

It is repeated every x hours. This event is generated each time the communications line with the computer is severed. This event is not detected on dumb signaling UPSes.

After a commfailure event is issued, when the communications to the computer is re-established, this event will be generated. Default: Shuts down the system using shutdown -h or similar.

When the UPS is running on batteries and one of the limits expires time, run, load , this event is generated to cause the machine to shutdown. Called for an emergency system shutdown. What triggers such a shutdown is unclear After completing this event, apcupsd will immediately initiate a doshutdown event.

This event is generated when the UPS is running on batteries and the battery power is exhausted. The event following this one will be a shutdown. This event is generated when the battery charge is below the low limit specified in the apcupsd. This event is generated immediately when apcupsd detects that the UPS has switched to batteries.

It may be due to a short powerfailure, an automatic selftest of the UPS, or a longer powerfailure. This event is generated 5 or 6 seconds after an initial powerfailure is detected. It means that apcupsd definitely considers the UPS to be on batteries. This event is generated when the mains return only if the onbattery event has been generated. This event is generated when the mains power returns after a powerout condition.

The shutdown event may or may not have been generated depending on the parameters you have defined and the length of the power outage. This event is generated on a slave machine when it detects either that the master has shutdown, or that a onbattery situation exists and the communications line has been severed. It indicates that the total time in a power failure has been exceeded and the machine should be shutdown.

This event is generated when apcupsd detects a self test by the UPS. Normally due to the 6 second onbattery delay default time, self test events are not detected. This event is generated when apcupsd detects that the UPS battery has been disconnected. This event is generated when apcupsd detects that the UPS battery has been reconnected after a battdetach event.

The following discussion does not apply to Windows servers. Apcupsd on Windows is limited to a single instance and cannot support monitoring multiple UPSes. The remaining UPSes are powering additional machines. Apcupsd can work quite well in this environment by running one instance of apcupsd on the UPS server for each UPS to be controlled. That is, you install a single copy of apcupsd but launch it multiple times using different configuration files and scripts.

Older versions of apcupsd required you to actually compile the daemon multiple times with different configure options. This is no longer required, as all necessary adjustments can be made in apcupsd. Additionally, you will run one instance of apcupsd on each of the machines you wish to be shut down. You will configure each of these apcupsd's to use the 'net' driver to read UPS status from the proper instance of apcupsd on the UPS server.

There are many ways one could set up multiple apcupsd instances. In my case, ups0 is the UPS powering the UPS server running the multiple apcupsd instances, so only ups0 should initiate a shutdown of the local machine. The differences between the confs are minor since both UPSes are USB although that is not a requirement; mixing cable types works fine too :. This directory contains a copy of the event handling scripts modified to avoid shutting down the local machine.

Details below. Plus I disable the "annoy" feature on ups1. Since the state of that UPS does not impact local users, there's no reason to annoy them. The important change here is the addition of a 'doshutdown' script which overrides apccontrol's shutdown action:. The "exit 99" tells apccontrol to skip its normal processing for that event.

I also have a custom init. This is derived from the standard apcupsd redhat rc script:. That's about all there is to it. There are still some rough edges to clean up, but overall this is a lot easier with apcupsd 3. Servers may fail to shutdown quietly during power failures if SNMP communication is lost. Login using "apc" for both the username and password and the following menu will display:. Select Option 2 for Network.

Specifying these parameters will complete the General Parameters setup. There are two shutdown parameters that must be set in the SNMP card to ensure that connected servers shutdown quietly. These parameters can be set via the telnet terminal or the web browser interface. This creates a potential problem where the UPS may kill power to any connected servers before these affected servers' halt scripts complete a successful shutdown.

The delay should be long enough to ensure that the Stand-alone or Primary server has enough time to successfully halt.

The prescribed time should at least be seconds. These servers can be thought of as secondary stand-alone server. The Return on Battery Capacity is useful during intermittent sequential power failures. This parameter insures that the UPS will not restore power to its loads until it has recharged it battery to a prescribed percentage. This will ensure that when the UPS restores power, any additional power failures will successfully re-trigger a server shutdown.

In this case, server notification of UPS alarms could potentially be delayed one minute. Event trap catching mitigates this shortcoming. These servers are referred to as Event Trap Receivers. The previous sections describe configuration of the actual SNMP card. To enable the SNMP support it is enough to configure the correct device in your apcupsd. The directive needed for this configuration is:. All but the first may be omitted completely or left empty to accept the default.

Allowable choices for vendor are:. You can specify a read-only community string, usually "public", if you do not require killpower support. If the community string is omitted, apcupsd will attempt to autotedect by trying "private" and "public". In this arrangement, all connected servers will be configured as a standalone server. Each will independently communicate to the UPS. One primary server will be chosen to manage the task of commanding the UPS to power down.

All remaining secondary servers will be configured to quietly power down before the primary server issues the UPS power down command. Follow the instructions in Building and Installing apcupsd , being sure to include the following options in addition to any others you need on the '. Previous versions polled the UPS status once per minute, leading to significant delays before UPS state changes were recognized.

This happens, for example, when the UPS switches on or off battery. In order for this feature to work, you must configure your UPS to deliver traps to the server running apcupsd. This is generally done by connecting to your SNMP card via a web browser or telnet connection.

You will need to enter your server's IP address as a trap receiver and make sure trap delivery is enabled. Trap catching can lead to problems if you are already running another SNMP trap daemon on your server.

Only one daemon can listen to the trap port, so whichever one is started first will succeed and the others will fail. Apcupsd will fall back to polling behavior if it is unable to open the trap port. Currently as of 3. The killpower command for SNMP UPSes can not be issued during shutdown as typically at some time during shutdown operations the network stack is stopped.

For this reason it is paramount to set your UPS grace time to a value greater than seconds to allow for clean shutdown operations before the UPS removes the power from its plugs. To enable correct shutdown operation during powerdown do the following:. The apcupsd philosophy is that all logging should be done through the syslog facility see: ' man syslog ' This is now implemented with the exceptions that STATUS logging, for compatibility with prior versions is still done to a file, and EVENTS logging can be directed to a temporary file so that it can be reported by the network information server.

Debug logging consists of debug messages. Normally these are turned on only by developers, and currently there exist very few of these debug messages. Data logging consists of periodically logging important data concerning the operation of the UPS.

That is:. In any case the commas before and after that field will still be output. The toggle value alternates from 0 to 1 on each line. This was added at user request so that no two adjacent samples are identical. This information is also made available by the apcupsd network information server. Events logging consists of logging events as they happen. For example, successful startup, power fail, battery failure, system shutdown, See the Customizing Event Handling section for more details.

In order to ensure that the data logged to syslog can be directed to different files, I have assigned syslog levels to each of our four types of data as follows:. It should be noted that more work needs to be done on the precise definitions of each of the levels for EVENTS logging.

Currently, it is roughly broken down as follows:. In the following example, we should the facility as local0. To accomplish the above, my syslog. This version of apcupsd has been built to run natively on Windows no Cygwin or other emulation layer needed.

Even though the Win32 version of apcupsd is a port that relies on many Unix features, it is just the same a true Windows program. When running, it is perfectly integrated with Windows and displays its icon in the system icon tray, and provides a system tray menu to obtain additional information on how apcupsd is running status and events dialog boxes.

Once installed apcupsd normally runs as a system service. This means that it is immediately started by the operating system when the system is booted, and runs in the background even if there is no user logged into the system. Normally, you will install the Windows version of apcupsd from the binaries. Starting with version 3. If you are installing Apcupsd for the first time, the installer will give you an opportunity to edit the apcupsd. Subsequent installations will maintain your existing apcupsd.

This is the most common connection for modern UPSes, especially those used with Windows computers. Note also if you are using WinNT or Win, the operating system may probe the serial port attempting to attach a serial mouse.

This will cause apcupsd to be unable to communicate with the serial port. Find the line that looks something like the following:. The new line should look similar to This addition will prevent the operating system from interfering with apcupsd.

The installer will give you an opportunity start the Apcupsd service immediately. You probably should also click on the Startup If these values are not set correctly by default, please change them otherwise apcupsd will not work.

The apcupsd service should appear in the right hand window when you click on Services Local in the left hand menu window. That should complete the installation process. When the system tray icon turns from a question mark into a plug , right click on it and a menu will appear. Select the Events item, and the Events dialogue box should appear. There should be no error messages.

By right clicking again on the system tray plug and selecting the Status item, you can verify that all the values for your UPS are correct. When the UPS switches to the battery, the battery icon will appear in the system tray. This cleanly separates the user interface from the daemon service and is required for tray icon support on Windows Vista. Note that if you close or disable the tray icon this does not stop or disable the apcupsd service which will continue to monitor the UPS and shutdown the computer when appropriate.

To stop or disable the service, use the service control panel. It will create a new icon for each instance being monitored. By default, apctray monitors the local apcupsd localhost on port To add additional monitors, you can right-click an existing icon and choose "Add Monitor".

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