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This is useful if the Java administrator does not have root privileges. To ease the upgrades for later versions create a parent directory to contain your JREs and create a symbolic link to the latest JRE using a generic path.

Create a generic path by using symbolic links to your JRE for easier upgrades:. Verify that java -version works without supplying the full path:. You can install OpenJDK with an archive. This guide suggests how to work in such cases. OpenJDK consists of a number of Groups.

Members of a group collaborate on an area of mutual interest. Projects are where the coding and much of the other work is done in OpenJDK. Many projects designs and develops new features for the Java language or the JVM, but there are also less code centric projects like the Duke Project which collects images of the Java mascot, Duke.

OpenJDK has a few different roles that determine who has the right to do what in the different projects. The roles are earned based on experience and knowledge within each project. A Contributor can have different roles in different projects. First Author , then Committer , and finally Reviewer if you stay active and earn the trust of the community. Trust is an important part of earning these roles. You need to build a track record of good decisions and sound judgment and show that you know what differentiates a good change from a not so good one.

Becoming an Author is the first step. To achieve this you need to contribute two changes to the project in which you wish to become an Author.

Once your changes are pushed into the code base and has been vetted enough to determine that the changes were indeed good changes you can go ahead and send an email to the project lead of that particular project and ask to be added as an Author.

As an Author you have the formal right to produce changesets for inclusion into the projects code base, but you will need a sponsor to perform the actual push. To become a Committer you should show that you can produce non-trivial changes that are accepted for inclusion into the project code base.

Once you have the required changes, a Committer in the project can start a vote by sending an email proposing that you should become a Committer. A Committer is allowed to push changes without the aid of a sponsor. A Committer is also allowed to nominate other non-Committers to become Committers in the project. To become a Reviewer you must show a track record of sound and correct judgment calls as mentioned above. As a Reviewer you have the power to approve changes for inclusion into the project source code.

This means that a Reviewer needs to be able to judge the quality and appropriateness of any proposed change, not just the mechanics of the code. The assumption is that after having produced 32 significant changes one should have become familiar with the process around reviews and the requirements around getting a change approved.

This should really be seen as a minimum requirement though. A more practical consideration would be to look at whether the non-trivial commits of a potential Reviewer are accepted largely intact or whether they are always being refined by the review process. There may be cases where it will take significantly more than 32 changes for a Committer to be ready to become a Reviewer. Once you are deemed ready, a Reviewer in the project can start a vote by sending an email proposing that you should become a Reviewer.

One key definition when advancing through the OpenJDK roles is the significant change. What exactly does it take for a change to be significant? Contributing to OpenJDK can take many forms. Writing code and providing patches is just one of them. A big part of developing a feature or a bugfix is testing and code review. Anything you can do to help out in these areas will be recognized as a contribution. Join the mailing lists to engage in design discussions and reviews, and download the latest EA builds or project repositories to try out new features and give feedback.

If you see some misbehavior, or if you see somebody mention some misbehavior on some internet forum, try to track it down. Good bug reports with reproducible test cases are extremely valuable and make excellent contributions. Anything you can do to spread the word about Java, new features, and your experiences using the JDK will be helpful for the community and to the OpenJDK developers. Trying out a new feature and reporting your experiences is also a contribution. Whether you find that the new feature improves your application, or if you find some area that needs to be improved, your feedback is valuable to the developers of that feature.

If you have a success story where Java solved your problem, or if you successfully upgraded to a more recent version of the JDK and noticed some improvements, spreading this story through a blog, news article, or some other channel is also a contribution. In many GitHub projects the standard way to propose a change is to create a pull request PR and discuss the patch in the PR.

For OpenJDK projects the situation is somewhat different. The JDK is used for mission critical applications and by millions of developers, the bar to contributing changes is high. Please follow the steps outlined below to make sure your change passes above the bar before creating a PR. Oracle is the steward of OpenJDK. This agreement gives Oracle and you as a contributor joint copyright interests in the code. You will retain your copyright while also granting those rights to Oracle.

OCA registration is a manual process. In order to prepare the community for your patch, please socialize your idea on the relevant mailing lists. Almost all changes, and in particular any API changes, must go this route and have a broad agreement in place before there is any point in presenting code. To understand the criteria by which your patch is going to be judged, please read Why is My Change Rejected? In short, hidden constraints and assumptions, stability and quality, maintainability, compatibility, and conformance to specifications must be considered before your PR is ready to be submitted.

Socializing your change on the mailing lists also prevents the surprise that would otherwise make the community choke on their morning coffee when they see a huge patch in a new, unknown PR. The sponsor will perform any number of administrative tasks like JBS updates, additional testing, etc.

For your first changes, ask your sponsor to help you create the issue or file the bug through the Bug Report Tool. Even though we strive to unify how things are done within OpenJDK, different areas and projects in OpenJDK may have slight variations in how they work.

Ask your sponsor who should be your main point of contact through your first developer experience in OpenJDK. Java and the JDK are very popular products, and just about every Java developer out there has an idea or two for how to enhance something. And obviously not referring to you believe it or not, not every idea is a good idea. Even though many ideas are indeed good, we must be quite restrictive on what we actually include into the JDK. There are many reasons for this.

Hidden constraints and assumptions. This might preclude certain changes, even those that might seem obvious. Stability and quality. Changes should include tests where practical, and core tests should pass at all times. The value of the change should outweigh the risk of introducing a bug or performance regression. Any new feature or code change will need to be maintained in the JDK essentially forever, thus imposing a maintenance burden on future maintainers.

The code might still be in use long after you and the people who reviewed it have moved on. New maintainers must be able to understand how to fix bugs in this code.

Each new feature interacts with all the existing features, which can result in geometric growth of the interactions among features if features are added unchecked. Sometimes we avoid adding a new feature, even if it seems like an obvious thing to add, if that feature would make it difficult to add a more important feature in the future.

Adherence to specifications. Javadoc comments are specifications. The Java API Specification is authored in the form of javadoc comments, so even apparently innocuous changes to comments can be quite significant.

Briefly, documentation comments on public packages, classes, and class members of exported modules are specifications. Specification changes. However, these changes require even more scrutiny than code changes. This extra review is handled by the CSR Process. Writing specifications is a separate skill from coding. Changes should also adhere to high standards of binary, source, and behavioral compatibility. The compatibility impact of apparently innocuous changes is sometimes startling.

The mailing lists are the key communications mechanism for all OpenJDK work. All participation in an OpenJDK project starts with joining the relevant mailing list. As a general recommendation we suggest to subscribe to announce , discuss , and the -dev lists covering your explicit area of interest. All OpenJDK mailing lists are found here:. Many different people with different backgrounds collaborate in these lists. Even though English is the required language for all lists, many Participants speak other languages as their native language.

A high tolerance for non-perfect English is expected from anyone joining these lists. This adds to the professional tone of your email. Postings from anonymized mailboxes risk being seen as spam. If you do work in OpenJDK on behalf of your employer, please also list this affiliation. You must be a member of a list to be able to post to that list. Some lists are moderated to keep the content on topic. Each list has its own archive where you can browse older conversations on the list.

There are a few different types of lists. The name often refers to the project that owns the list or a specific area of interest that the list focuses on. The suffix is explained below. Not all projects or areas have all types of lists described here. If you need to change your registered email address, or if you have any other problems with the mailing lists, please contact mailman openjdk. This section describes the OpenJDK repository terminology and naming scheme. Note that source may be available from other locations, for example src.

However, OpenJDK contributions must use source from the OpenJDK Mercurial repository since other source distributions may contain older code or code which differs due to licensing. Operations which are performed repeatedly, such as creating changesets, merging, and pushing are described in Producing a Changeset.

This document assumes familiarity with the first two chapters of the free on-line book Mercurial: The Definitive Guide. The OpenJDK code base for all Projects is stored in Mercurial repositories which contain the source files and their change history. Some Projects may choose to organize their code into multiple, possibly related, Mercurial repositories.

In contrast, Code Tools uses an unrelated repository for each tool and Graal uses only a single repository. Regardless of how a Project has chosen to store their code, each Contributor clones the repository associated with the code they are modifying. They work on their change in the clone and locally commit a changeset. The use of gate repositories was eliminated when the Mercurial servers were upgraded in March Mercurial is a free, cross-platform, distributed source management tool.

A Mercurial installation is sufficient to clone a repository. Contributors who wish to submit changes will need some additional configuration as described below.

Some Projects may recommend additional tools or scripts that help with repository manipulation and code development. This tool also helps manage JAR files.

This utility gets configuration information from a running Java process or crash dump. This utility outputs the memory map for Java and can print shared object memory maps or heap memory details of a given process or core dump. It accepts an XML schema and generates Java classes. The JDK also comes with a complete Java Runtime Environment, usually called a private runtime, due to the fact that it is separated from the "regular" JRE and has extra contents.

It consists of a Java Virtual Machine and all of the class libraries present in the production environment, as well as additional libraries only useful to developers, such as the internationalization libraries and the IDL libraries.

Want to help? Learn how to contribute to Fedora Docs. Edit this Page. Run the yum command, specifying the package you want to install:. This is useful if the Java administrator does not have root privileges. To ease the upgrades for later versions create a parent directory to contain your JREs and create a symbolic link to the latest JRE using a generic path. Create a generic path by using symbolic links to your JRE for easier upgrades:. Verify that java -version works without supplying the full path:.